Dr. Alherz Anhar

Introduction: In one sense, molecular testing has been used in surgical pathology for several decades in the context of immunohistochemistry, in which antibodies are used to detect and quantify the expression of specific proteins. However, in common parlance, molecular testing refers to testing based on the analysis of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Regardless of whether the disease process is benign or malignant, most genetic testing protocols in surgical pathology are designed to detect somatic or acquired DNA mutations limited to specific cells of the disease process. The recent increase in molecular genetic tests reflects their ability to improve patient care by providing new, independent, or refined information with the potential for clinical stratification of disease subtypes, disease predispositions , prognostic categories, or treatment regimens. While this review will concentrate on the most commonly used molecular techniques in surgical pathology. It is worth not...

Histopathology is the use of a microscope to examine human tissue for signs of disease, damage, or other abnormalities . Pathology is the study of disease, while histology is the study of tissues. Thus, histopathology refers to the study of tissues associated with disease.  A histopathology report describes the tissue examined by the pathologist. It can recognise characteristics of cancer under a microscope. A histopathology report may also be referred to as a biopsy report or a pathology report. This article describes the purpose of histopathology, what is included in a histopathology report, and why a histopathology test may be performed. It also discusses how the results are interpreted. How Does Histopathology Work? : Histopathology is performed by a pathologist, a specialist who examines tissue under a microscope. Pathologists examine tissue samples in a laboratory. Pathologists cut and process tissue into very thin layers known as sections. They then stain it and...

The diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "Gnath"), and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles, and perioral skin are referred to as oral and maxillofacial pathology (the skin around the mouth). The mouth is a vital organ with numerous functions. It is also prone to a number of medical and dental conditions. The specialty of oral and maxillofacial pathology is concerned with the diagnosis and study of diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial region. It is sometimes considered a branch of dentistry or pathology. The term head and neck pathology is sometimes used instead, which may indicate that the pathologist also treats (ear, nose, and throat) disorders in addition to maxillofacial disorders. There is some overlap in this role between the expertise of head and neck pathologists and that of endocrine pathologists. Diagnosis : A thorough medical, dental, s...

  Introduction:- Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are the immune system's two main lines of defence against infections in addition to structural and chemical barriers. The initial immune defence against an invasive infection is innate immunity. It is a quick immunological reaction with no immunologic memory that is started minutes or hours after aggressiveness. Contrarily, adaptive immunity is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific; it has the ability to form memories, allowing the host to generate a more effective immune response when exposed to the antigen again. The adaptive immune system and its innate counterpart work very closely together, and flaws in either system can lead to illness or disease such unwarranted inflammation, autoimmune illnesses, immunodeficiency disorders, and hypersensitivity reactions. The host defence systems of innate and adaptive immunity are discussed in this article along with their roles in both health and disease. Background:- Our know...

  Introduction:- By executing thousands of procedures every day, conducting basic and clinical research, and offering specialised teaching programmes, the laboratories of a big medical institution serve as a location for these laboratories are dependent on the institution, which in turn is dependent on the institution's students, doctors, and patients. Millions of procedures are performed annually for Baylor University Medical Center (BUMC), hospitals and health centres connected to the Baylor Health Care System (BHCS), and other hospitals in the laboratories at BUMC, which have developed into a fully automated service using the most recent technology. To know about more please visit here: https://pathology.universeconferences.com/history-pathology/ PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE'S EARLY DEVELOPMENT:- ·         Although pathology's roots are in ancient medicine, it did not advance until science did. Erasistratus and Herophilus, two ...